When you’re trying to help your dog with a behavior problem, it’s easy to feel frustrated. You just want something that works. But it’s important to understand how your training choices affect your dog, not just in the moment, but long term.
A review by Purdue University’s Canine Welfare Science team brings together years of research on aversive training methods. These include things like leash jerks, shock collars, yelling, and physical corrections.
Here’s what you need to know.
What Are Aversive Methods?
Aversive methods use discomfort, fear, or pain to reduce a behavior. Some trainers call it “correction” or “discipline,” but the science is clear: these approaches rely on punishment to stop behavior, and they cause lasting negative effects.
Examples include:
- Prong, choke, or shock collars
- Physical manipulation (like alpha rolls)
- Yelling or using intimidating body language
- Leash pops or forced leash pressure
What the Research Shows
According to the Purdue review, dogs trained with aversive methods:
- Show more signs of stress and fear during and after training.
- Are more likely to display avoidance behaviors (like turning away or freezing).
- May develop aggression or anxiety over time.
- Experience weaker bonds with their handlers.
In short, punishment may stop a behavior temporarily, but it doesn’t help your dog feel safe, learn clearly, or trust you.
And most importantly: the review found no evidence that aversive methods are more effective than positive, reward-based training. In fact, dogs trained with positive reinforcement often learn faster and with fewer side effects.
(Source: Canine Welfare Science, Purdue University. The Effects of Using Aversive Training Methods in Dogs: A Review)
What Can You Do Instead?
You don’t have to choose between being effective and being kind.
Here’s what you can focus on:
- Positive reinforcement: Reward behaviors you like, so your dog knows what works
- Management: Set your dog up for success by preventing mistakes
- Consistency: Stick to clear cues and routines
- Choice: Let your dog participate in the learning process, not just be corrected
These tools build trust. They also help reduce fear, frustration, and confusion—for both you and your dog.
Final Thought
Your dog isn’t giving you a hard time—they may be having a hard time. If you’re not sure how to move forward, reach out to a qualified professional who uses positive reinforcement methods backed by science.
A little patience, a lot of love, and the right tools can make a huge difference.